Apparatus for manufacturing gas.



No. 827,081. i PATENTUU JULATH '31, 1906.

f1.1. COHEN. l

APPARATUS PUR MANUFACTURING GAS.

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APPLIUATION FILED NOV. f1. 1905.

et WVM C12/@Human Np. 827,081. PATBNTED-JLY- l, 1906.4

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APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.

ArP'LoAnoN FILED Nov. 7. 1905.

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swan 015 @Ho-waag,

ffPATEurl onirica.

Puri-.'IP'i-g ooHiiiN,` or. YORK, N. Y.

speiacation of Letters Patent.

nP'AnAi-us Fon MANUJFAQTURING GAS.

' Patented July 31, 1906.

, "Annamaria November 7,1905. saai No. 286.314.

To wZ-Z whom, it concern: l l' .Be it known that I, PHILIPI. Coi-IEN, a

citizen of the United States,`residinnr atNeW 'j York city, inthe countyof New York and State of New York,'.have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas, of which the'following'is a specification. f l This invention; relates to a aratusfory manufacturing illuminating andlieating gas from a liquid, such asliydrocarbon o il4 or an emulsion of o il and water or a semiliquidlemulsion containingv oil, peat,an d Water or other desired composition.`

`The object of my invention-.is to lprovide an apparatus which is simplein construction and operation and Which is adapted for rapidly and.economically' generating gas at a single operation by forcing a liquidor semiiquid gas-yielding material under aI con-- stantly maintained andcontrolled ressuie through heated coils or conduits maintained gas.

at4 the proper temperature for 4making iixed A s ecial object ofmy-invention is to pro- .vide r. lautomatically and constantlcontrolling the pressure in the liquid-supp y pipe and generating-coil,so that the ressure in the coil shall be substantially uni orm and ofthe pro er degree to permit the gas-yielding materia to be convertedinto fixed gas'while passing through the/coil or conduit, whereby auniform quality of xed gas is4 made With- Aout undue strain or injuryvto the apparatus; l

The matter constituting my invention will be deiined'in the claims. I y'I will now describe my improved as-generating apparatus and the mannerooperat- Ving the same by eference to the accompany-- ing drawings, inwhichv Figure 1 represents'a diagrammatic view in elevation of apparatusembodying my inva sectional elevation of the vention, including certainassociated devices used in a gas-making plant. Fi 2 represents an.elevation of my 'gas-ma'. 'ng apparatus, on venlarged scale. Eig. 3-represents governor and connections' for controlling the .pressure offeed liquid in the -supply-pipe and generating-coils.` 5 Y The principal-part`s of my apparatus cou- ,sist ofa 4gas,-geiierating coi y A, set ina vfurnace, a pumping-engine C C', a governor orpressure-regulatorll)for. controlling the flow and pressure of'gas=yielding liquid inthesupply-pipe and vgenera ting-coils, a reservoir 'or tank Ffor oiloremulsion, and suitable connecting. pipes and valves, as describedblow.

lThe generating-coil A is4 made of tworsizes of pipe, which maylie-respectively one inch and one and a uarter inches diameter and aboutthree hun ed and tenl feet long. The inlet end a of the connects {atjoint a with the enlarged pipe one and aquarter inch-es,- forming the exanding and. gas-fixing art a', about one-third of .the entire coil.`

e size .of pipe andlength thereof in a generat-n an example which is ecient in ractice, andI do not limit myself either to t e size of pipe.

or length of coil or to' any particular arran ement thereof in thefurnace. It may ie placed horizontally, as shown in a heatingfurnace B,havingfa ledve b', and chimney bf. Thefurnace W1 beheated by means ofany suitable fuel on the ate or otherwise, so as to heat thegenerating-coil to a temperatureof from 1,200o

^ .to 2,000 Fahrenheit.

Ihave found in practice that a greatlength -coil are only given asvgratev b, a supportingv n coil, comprisingabout t-Wol lthirds of itslength, is of one-inch pipe and of generatingcoil is notnecessary, itonly sure pum suitable for forcingV a liquid or under semili ui Ah, l in-coi y' uid-su p ipe connects'with thi cylinder and diysghargeipe cleadstherefrom to the inlet end of coil and is provided iivithcontrollin -valves 1 and 3, a check-valve 2 and a blgoW-off valve 3'*below the connection with the coil. -In the steamsupplyl ipe s, leadingto cylinder C', is connected t e governor or pressure-regulator. D,

ber ojfthis governor is connected t enliquidpipec fromthe-discharge-pipe c and is provided With a valvec. An air-pressurechamber C, provided with a blow-olf valve c, is

connectedin the discharge-pipe c to make the flowv of liquid more evenandr free from pulsations.I .-A pipe 0., having a valve-4, connects withpipe c near thepump and extends to a pressure into the generat-v Figs. 2and 3, and withthe diaphra m-chain-v b lflanges u' Ward against theplate e.

water-tank H, and a second pipe C4, having a valve 5, connects ipe cwith the storage-tank F for returning oi or emulsion when valve 3 at thecoil is closed.

The governor D is shown on enlarged scale in Fig. 3. It is constructedwith a valvechamber d, in which is seated abalanced valve d, which isseated in the opening of the plate d". The valve d is provided wlthastem d, which extends upward into the diaphragmchamber E. This chamberis constructed of upper and lower lates or heads, connected and bo ts,as shown, and provided with a flexible diaphragm e, dividing it into twocompartments, the u per one e" of which is the fluid-chamberwhicconnects by iuidpipe c with the discharge-pipe c from the ump. To theunder side of the diaphragm 1s connected the metallic hub andbearingplate e, having a screw-threaded opening` to which is connectedthe valve-rod d. he chamber E is supported on the valve-chamber d by theconnecting-rods p. A lower bearing-plate e" is connected by theadjustable rods p with the lower head of chamber E and supports a coiledspring m, which bears Steam is su 'p ied from the main S through pi ess, t e valve-chamber d of governor to t e steamc linder C', and theexhaust-steam is disi c ar ed through pipes t to the main exhaustpipe I.The supply-and exhaust pipes s and it are provided with valves 16 and17.

The tank F for oil or emulsion is provided with an outlet-pipef, havinga valve 6, which connects with the pump-cylinder C and is also providedWith a second outlet-pi e f', having a valve 7 and a blow-off .va ve 8.VlithinY the tank F is suitably mounted a central vertical shaft K,havingradial agitatingblades 7c k', and at its upper end a beveledgear-wheel 7c, which mes es with a beveled pinion i upon the horizontalshaft t, arranged in journal-boxes on the crossieces I', said shaft ihavin at its outer en a belt- Wheel I, over whic passes a driving-belt Zfrom the belt-Wheel of the engine L. The

shaft 4K may be provided with two sets of a itating-blades, as shown.The tank H or washwater is preferably provided and connects by pipes h,having a valve 15, with ipe. f, leading to the pump. This Water-suppyi's simply for washing out the pump and pipes after the operation ofmaking gas has ceased. To the engine L is connected a steam-su ply i e sand an exhaust-pipe t. To the rivln -shaft of the engineare connectedthe be t-wheels Z and l', over which are passed the beltsl and o. In theplants as usually constructed is rovided a ppat-pulverizing mill N, tothe s aft of Whic is connected a belt-wheel a, over which is passed thebelt o.`

The cooler or condenser G may be of any well-known kind and is providedWith an in- `each si thoroug the pump-cyinder C. The

let-pipe g, blow-off valve 10. The outletip'e a/` of the coil connectswith pipeg. T e outlet gasi ho der. ASbloW-'off pipe and valve gconnects with the gas-pipe at the condenser. A water-supplyipewleadsfrom the main pipe W to the con enserG and isvprovided with avalve 11 to supply the necessary cooling-Water. discharge-pipe and valve12 takes off Water from the condenser. A Water-supply pipe w leads fromthe main W and is previded with two branch pipes w, havingvalves 13 and14 and discharging' into the Water-tank H and the emulsion-tank F.

The supl -ly-pipe c for oil or emulsion is provided wit a pressureage Xbetween the pump and the cheek-valve 2 and with a seoond pressureage Xbetween the cheekvalve 2 and t e inlet of coil A. A branch steam-supplypipe s, plrcvidedwith valve 18, connects at oneof e angle-joints withthe su plyipe c for injecting steam when desire eit er to mix Withtheoil or emulsion or to clean out the pi e and coil when oil and emulsionareshut o Alby-pass pipe s, having a reducing-valve 20, connects with`the pipe s on both sides of a valve 19, as

shown in Fig. 1,so as to supply steam at any desired pressure to. thepipe c.' The ipe sf is also dprovided with controlling-va ves on e ofthe reducing-valve 20.

- The tankF being supplied with hydrocarhaving a controlling-valve 9anda 6 5 e g leads from the 'condenser to the gasl bon oildsuch asgas-oil .or uel-oil or an emulsion of peat, oil, and water orothersuitable' composltion fer making gas-the agitator is put 1n.operation for keeping'the ingredients. y mixed, and t e valve 6 1sopened for supplyin the liquid through pipe f into l pumping-engine isput in operation, andliqui is forced to the ger'erating-coilA. The'coilat this time should `beheated to; the desiredtemperature for eneratinggas. 'At first as the eoil is gra ually# heated up the vapors' may beblown oil or passed into the'condenser and the :condense products'drawnoi through valve g. -The coil will be heated to a temperature rangingfrom about'1`,200 to 2,000 ahrenheit, andJ in the rear-end composed ofthe enlarged pipe, the vapor wil `.he expanded and fully converted intolxed, gas which passes off through pi-'pe g into the condenser.,

-where a small percentage. -ofbyproducts' is separated While theixed'gas Ais 'passed oil through pipe g to the gasometer orv holder. Inpractice .the governor is adjusted and loo IIO

set so that the pump will deli/ver liquid at any desired pressure fromtwenty pounds up to sixty or eighty pounds to the square inch. Atwhatever'pressure thefgovernor is set to work Vsuchpressure will beuniformly maintained in theliquid-su plypipe and generating-coil;` Inpractice maintain a pressure wal of the sure in the coil, and a higher'heat is maintained in the furnace and coil.` The gov-v in the coil atwhich the oil or emulsion will first be highly-heated, then vaporized,and finally4 thevapor converted into fixed gas Without permitttin anydeposit of tar or lam -black or har carbon .on the interior pi e. Thepressure is such that the li uid andp vapors -scourthel inside of thepipe, ut=permit the liquid to be converted lnto fixed gas. The governormay be adjusted to A'Work at different pressurescorrespending to thedegree required to gasify different kinds of liquid or differentgravities of oil. If it is desiredto generate gas more rapidly With agiven gravity of oil or emulsion, the governor is set to maintain ahigher presernor under all circumstances keeps the pressure even anduniform Athrou hout the coils and supply-pipe, so that a uni orm qualityof ed gas 1s made. Without the overnor the pressure might runu toseveral undred pounds to the square inc 'and be so irregular that nodefinite quality of gas could be generated. I preferably operate at apressure of from twenty-five to' sixty pounds and produce fixedhigh-candlepower gas which is delivered at the outlet of the coil. Thetw'o pressure-gages X and X" indicate any variations of pressure -thatmay occur on opposite sides of the check-valve 2, either in the coil orpump. When the apparatus is working norboth'gages show the sameressure.`

. maui.'

W en an emulsion composed() peat, o il,

and Water, is used to make gas, the agitator K k is kept in operation,so as to keep' the emulsion well mixed and uniform, and thereforeproduce a uniform quality of gas throughout the runor erlod ofmanufacture.

When it is esired to reduce the candlepower 'ofthe gas generated in thecoils or add an increased'percentage of hydrogen to the gas as it'isgenerated, the valve 18 in pipe s a ves in the by-pass pi e 8 areopened, While valve 19 isclose thereby passing steam throu h theressure-reducing vvalve 20 into the'liquid-dis'c arge pipeJ c, leadingfrom the pump to the generating-coil.-

By means of the valve 2O the pressure of steam is reduced from theboiler-pressure approximately to the ump-pressure or pressure of li uidflowing' om the pumcp through pipe c; he steam thus supplie may esuperheated or simply live' steaxnfrom 'theboiler and mingles uniformlyWit-h'the gasyielding liquid without reducing or changing the pressureof the same either 1n the pipe or the generating-coils. ThisA addedsteam Will be decomposed in the coil, reacting with the carbon in theoilor emulsion toliberate hydrogen.- It will thus be seen that thegasgeneratedwill be `diluted, so as to reduce the canfile-power thereof,without-in any way chan mgth'e. ilor emulsion in the supply-tank' Thisoperation is quite important in practice,

since the candle-power of-the finished-gas can lbe readily variedwithout changing the pumppressure or the quality of the gas-yieldingquid su plied thereto.

I also nd it desirable to inject steam into the gas-discharge pipe, andfor that ,purpose provide av steam-supply pipe and reducingvalveconnecting with the gasoutlet pipe g,

Fi@r 2.

4 will thus *be seen that with my apparatus I can in one operation makehigh-candlepoWer gas for illuminating pur oses and by introducing steam,as above escrib'ed, in-

stantly ,change the quality of gas to lower candle-power suitable forheating purposes or for use as a motive power in gas-en nes. Thecandle-power of the gas will be regu ated by the quantity of steam whichis introduced.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Pat- 1.- The combination with 'a gas-generating coil orconduit, of a 'umping-engme, a governor connecting wit the steamsupplypipe I of the steam-cylinder of said engineand with the outlet-pipe lofthe pum which outletpipe connectswith the coil, or forcing liquid o rsemiliquid material under a constantly maintained and unlform pressureinto the y coil, and a suitable supply for the gas-yielding material and'connecting-pipesLsubstantially as described.

2. The combination with a gas-generating coil of a pumping-enginecomprising a steamcylinder and pump-cylinder,` a governor con.-

necting with the steam-supply pipe and with the liquid-discharge .pi e,a plpe, leading roo fromtheiump to the coi containing a checkvalve an apressure-ga e and a supply-pipe forliquid or semiliqui gas-yieldingmaterialconnecting with the pump, substantially -maintained and uniformpressure into the coil, a supply-tank for the lgas-yielding materialhaving an agitatin'g device and'connesting-pipes, therefrom to the pump,substantially as described.l

4. The combination with a gas-generating coil of a pumping-enginecomprising a steamcylinder and pump-cylinder, a pressure-re ylati'ng and`reducing device connecting with" the steam-supply pipe to the steam-cyinder, a pipe leading from the pump to the coil containing acheck-valve, a press'ure-gageV between the pump and check-valve anda-,sec-

ond pressure-.gage between said valve'and TIO e coil, for forcing lquidor IISV - uniform4 pressure, a supply-pipe for liquid or'semiliquidmaterial to lthe pump, a discharge-pi e leading therefrom to v,the coil,and a. va ved steam-supply pipe connecting with said liluid-dischargepipe, substantially regulating device, for forcing a liqui as describe6. The combination with a gas-generating i coil,- of a pumping-enginehaving a Lpressureor sennliquid into said coil under a substantiallyuniform pressure, a tank for oilor emulsion, a pipe leading therefrom tothe pump, a discharge-pipe leading from the pump to the coil, asteam-supply pipe, having a pressurereducing valve, connectlng withsaid4 dis- -charge-pipe, whereby the candle-power of the gas generatedmay be reducedwitliout f changing the oil or emulsion in the supply:-tank, substantially as described; y l

7. The combfnation with a gas=generatiiig coil, of a pumping-enginehaving a' ress'ureL regulating device, for forcing aliqui `orseni`vliquid into said coil under a substantially uniform pressure, fa suplyepipe for liquider semiliquld material'lea ing to the'pump,aldischarge-pipe leading therefrom to theleoil, a steam-supply pipe,having a-pressureeree ducing valve, 'connecting with ,said liquid=dischargev pipe,"=and a valved stema-supply Iipe connecting withvthegas=dischi1ge p1 `e rom the generating-coil, substantially as scribed.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature 4o in presence of twoWitnesses. o l I g PHILIP I. COHEN. Witnesses C. C. SANDERS,

JAMES A. VINCENT.- n

